REPEATED AND DOUBLE COMPARATIVES

To indicate that something is increasing we can apply two structures: er and er / more and more.Para indicar que algo está aumentando, podemos aplicar dos estructuras: er y er / más y más.

a) …….er and …….er

To form this structure we have to add “er” to the adjective to form a comparative adjective. It is used with adjectives and short adverbs; such as, closer and closer, longer and longer.

Examples:

She is getting closer and closer of her mother.

Ella se está acercando cada vez más a su madre.

By the end of the twentieth century, couples were waiting longer and longer to marry.

b) more and more

We can use this structure with long adjectives or adverbs ; for example, more and more difficult, more and more slowly.

Double comparatives

Double comparatives describe a cause and effect process. Also, they are written as a sentence with a comma separating the cause and the effect. The structure to use them is the following:

Las comparaciones dobles describen un proceso de causa y efecto. Además, se escriben como una oración con una coma que separa la causa y el efecto.

     [the + comparative form] + (subject) + (verb), [the + comparative form] + (subject) + (verb)] 

Examples:

The more education women get, the later they marry.

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Mientras más educación reciben las mujeres, más tarde se casan

The less children studied, the more slowly they learned.

STATIVE AND DYNAMIC USES

Verb	Stative use (simple verb form)	Dynamic use (progressive verb form)
Be	(permanent state, general truth) Lupita is married	(acting, behaving) Michael is being really weird.
Have	(possesion, characteristics) I have five minutes before class starts.	(causing, experiencing) I’m having problems with my car
See	(notice, observe, understand) Do you see what I mean?	(meet or date) They’ve been seeing each other for a while
Think	(have an opinión) I think it’s good idea.	(the process of thought) I was thinking about it all day

Function Some verbs are rarely used in progressive forms. They are called stative verb because they usually refer to states or conditions which continue over a period of time, for example know, prefer, or agree. However, some stative verbs commonly have both stative and dynamic uses, with different meanings.

Función

Algunos verbos rara vez se usan en formas progresivas. Se denominan stativos verbos porque generalmente se refieren a estados o condiciones que continúan durante un período de tiempo, por ejemplo, saber, preferir o aceptar. Sin embargo, algunos verbos estativos comúnmente tienen usos tanto estativos como dinámicos, con diferentes significados.

EXAMPLES

DYNAMIC

Joe IS chasing the bus

Carlos wants some ice-cream

WOULD, USED TO, BE+ALWAYS+ING

FORM	FUNCTION	EXAMPLES
Would(always/never)+base form	Used to talk about habits or customs in the past.	Sara would never remember to buy milk on her way home
(always/never) used to+base form	Used to talk about habits or customs, or to express something that was true in the past, but is no longer true.	The wind always used to blow really hard in Montreal. When I was younger, I used to have short hair.
Be+always+-ing form (present or past progressive)	Used to talk about habits or customs in the `present and past.	They are always laughing and joking. He was always singing

Past habit – used to/would/past simple

When we talk about things that happened in the past but don’t happen anymore we can do it in different ways.

Cuando hablamos de cosas que sucedieron en el pasado pero ya no ocurren, podemos hacerlo de diferentes maneras

Used to

• We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
• There didn’t use to be a petrol station there. When was it built?

We can use ‘used to’ to talk about past states ….

• I used to go swimming every Thursday when I was at school.
• I used to smoke but I gave up a few years ago.

·         Solíamos vivir en Nueva York cuando era un niño.

·         No solía haber una gasolinera allí. ¿Cuándo fue construido?

Podemos usar 'usado' para hablar sobre estados pasados

·         ​​Solía ​​ir a nadar todos los jueves cuando estaba en la escuela.

·         Solía ​​fumar, pero me rendí hace unos años.

Would

• Every Saturday I would go on a long bike ride.
• My teachers would always say “Sit down and shut up!”

We can use ‘would’ to talk about repeated past actions.

Often either ‘would’ or ‘used to’ is possible. Both of these sentences are possible.

• Every Saturday, I would go on a long bike ride.
• Every Saturday I used to go on a long bike ride.

Todos los sábados iba en un largo paseo en bicicleta.
Mis maestros siempre decían "¡Siéntate y cállate!"
Podemos usar 'would' para hablar sobre acciones pasadas repetidas.

A menudo, 'would' o 'used to' es posible. Ambas frases son posibles.

Todos los sábados, iba en un largo paseo en bicicleta.
Todos los sábados solía ir en un largo paseo en bicicleta.