VERB+GERUND/INFINITIVE

VERB+GERUND/INFINITIVE

Form

Ver+Gerund

Isobel usually avoids driving downtown.

Isabel por lo general evita conducir en el centro.

I finished reading that nobel.

Termine de leer ese nobel.

OTHER  VERBS

Admit, Avoid, deny, dislike, finish

VERB+INFINITIVE

Did you manage to find the song on the internet?

¿Has logrado encontrar la canción en internet?

We offered to make some coffie for themOfrecimos hacer un café para ello

Other Verbs

agree, help, invite, manage, offer, plan, promise,refuse, seem.

VERB+GERUND/INFINITIVE

I like going out

Me gusta salir

I like to go out every now and then.

Me gusta salir de vez en cuando.

Other verb

hate, like, love, prefer

VERB+GERUND/INFINITIVE

RELATIVE CLAUSES

RELATIVE CLAUSES

Function 

We use relative clauses to give more information about, thing, time, or place.

Usamos clausulas relativas para dar mas información sobre cosa, tiempo o lugar. Se conocen como clausulas relativas porque emplean un pronombre relativo.

Who- peoples

Where-places

When- moments

Which/That-objects

EXAMPLES

I gave it to Peter, who is my close friend. Se lo di a Peter, quien es mi mejor amigo

The coffie, where we go every saturday, sells delicious postries. El café donde vamos todos los sábados venden deliciosos  postres.

postres.

Their garden, which is near here, looks beautiful. Su jardín que esta cerca de aquí se ve hermoso.

The best time to call him is when he finishes his meeting at 10:30 a.m.

El mejor momento para llamarlo es cuando termine su reunión a las 10:30 a.m

CLAUSULAS RELATIVAS, COMO USARLAS.

MODALS OF DEDUCTION MUST, CAN´T, MIGHT/MAY/COULD

MODALS OF DEDUCTION:MUST, CAN´T, MIGHT/MAY/COULD
FORM
Subject+modal+base form
FUNCTION
can´t
we use can´t to say that its impossible that something is true
must
we use must to say that we are sure that something is true
might/could/may
we use might/could/may to say that something is possibily true
EXAMPLES
MUST

• He must live near here because he comes to work on foot. We don’t know where he lives but we’re sure it’s not far away.
• Come inside and get warm – you must be freezing out there.
• You’re a zookeeper? That must be very interesting.
• 

MIGHT

• Did you hear that? I think there might be a burglar downstairs. She’s not sure there’s a burglar but she thinks it’s possible.
• We’ll try to get there early but we may arrive late if there’s a lot of traffic.
• Don’t put it up there. It could fall off and hit someone.

Might, may and could are also followed by an infinitive without ‘to’.

CAN´T

• It can’t be a burglar. All the doors and windows are locked. He doesn’t know it’s not a burglar but he feels sure it’s not.
• It can’t be far away now. We’ve been driving for hours. Where’s the map?
• Really? He has to work on Christmas Day? He can’t feel very happy about that.

Like the other verbs, can’t is followed by an infinitive without ‘to’.

Remember that all of these modal verbs – must, might, may, could and can’t have other uses. These are covered in another section.

TAG QUESTIONS

FUNCTION

We use tag questions to check information we are not sure about or to confirm information that we are almost certain about.

FORM

Affirmative main verb, negative tag question

main verb be 

you´re Claudia, aren´t you?

simple tenses

Rob likes Italian food, doesn´t he?

Modals

Julie should call more often, shouldn´t she?

Present perfect 

you´ve just told him, haven´t you?

past progessive

he was taxting his ex-girlfriend again, wasn´t he?

Negative main verb, affirmative tag question

Pedro and araceli aren´t studying in the U.S are they?

THIRD CONDITIONAL

THIRD CONDITIONAL
Function
We use the third conditional to talk about unreal situations in the past.
We can use could or might/mayinstead of would in the result clause to talk about results that were possible in the past
Form
If-clause
if+past perfect
We use  comma when the if-clause is at the beginning of the sentence
Result clause
would,could, might/may+have+past  participle
We use  comma when the if-clause is at the beginning of the sentence

EXAMPLES

• If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
  
• 
• If I had seen him, I would have told him about you.
  
• If I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand.
  .
• If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her.
• 
• If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.
  
• If we had studied harder, we might have passed the test.
  
• If you had gone to Brazil, you would have had lots of fun.
  
• If I hadn't been so busy, I could have helped you.
  
• If you had phoned me, I would have known you were here.
  
• If they had invited us, we would have accepted at once.
  
• If she had explained me the problem, I would have understood it.
  
• If it hadn't rained, we would have gone fishing.
  
• If my sister had been here, she would have enjoyed this.
  
• If they hadn't drunk so much last night, they wouldn't have felt sick today.
  
• If he had worked more, he could have saved more money.