THIRD CONDITIONAL

THIRD CONDITIONAL
Function
We use the third conditional to talk about unreal situations in the past.
We can use could or might/mayinstead of would in the result clause to talk about results that were possible in the past
Form
If-clause
if+past perfect
We use  comma when the if-clause is at the beginning of the sentence
Result clause
would,could, might/may+have+past  participle
We use  comma when the if-clause is at the beginning of the sentence

EXAMPLES

• If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
  
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• If I had seen him, I would have told him about you.
  
• If I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand.
  .
• If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her.
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• If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.
  
• If we had studied harder, we might have passed the test.
  
• If you had gone to Brazil, you would have had lots of fun.
  
• If I hadn't been so busy, I could have helped you.
  
• If you had phoned me, I would have known you were here.
  
• If they had invited us, we would have accepted at once.
  
• If she had explained me the problem, I would have understood it.
  
• If it hadn't rained, we would have gone fishing.
  
• If my sister had been here, she would have enjoyed this.
  
• If they hadn't drunk so much last night, they wouldn't have felt sick today.
  
• If he had worked more, he could have saved more money.
  

REPORTED SPEECH
Function
We use reported to repeat what someone sait without using their exact words.
Form
Repored speech doesn´t use quoatation marks (" "). When we use a verb in the past tense to introduce reported speech, said or told, we change the tense in the reported speech. In report speech, the change other words the person said, for example, pronouns, time, and place expressions.

EXAMPLES

Simple present changes to simple past

“I’m on my way”, said Tom. 

Tom said he was on his way.

“I like the idea.”

He said he liked the idea.

“I know what to do.”

She said she knew what to do.

Can change to could and will change to would

And we make the transformation also to verbs in negative. So can not change, logically, to could not. And so on.

“I can’t hear you.”

He said he couldn’t hear me.

“I can’t come to the meeting”. 

He said he couldn’t come to the meeting.

“I’ll see you tomorrow.”

She said she would see me the next day.

“I’ll be there at 9 o’clock.”

She said she’d be here at 9 o’clock.

Present perfect 



and simple past change to perfect past

The "step back" in time changes the two times to the perfect past, which is formed with had + past participle.

“I’ve been to Italy several times.”

She said she had been to Italy several times.

“I really enjoyed the party.”

He said he had really enjoyed the party

REPORTED QUESTION

Function

We use reported question to report what someone asked without using exactly the same words.

Form

We can reported questions using asked/wanted to know. We use if / wheter to report a yes/ no question. We have to change the tense in reported questions in the some way as reported spech.

Yes/No question/ Direct questionsd: Are you going out later? Do you like classical mussic?

Reported questions Matt asked me if I was going out later. She wanted to know wheter he liked classical music.

Information question/ What time is it? Where did you meet her?: 

Reported questions: He wanted to know what time it was. Joe asked where I met her.

EXAMPLE

Yes/no questions

• Direct question: “Do you like working in teams?” Reported question: He asked if I like working in teams.

When we report yes/no questions we use ‘if’ or ‘whether’.

• Direct question: “Did you enjoy the party?” Reported question: She asked me whether I’d enjoyed the party.

Questions with a question word

• Direct question: “What time does the train leave?” Reported question: He asked what time the train left.

Look at some more examples:

• Direct question: “Who did you see?”
• Reported question: She asked me who I’d seen.

• Direct question: “Where did you go to school?”
• Reported question: He asked me where I’d gone to school.

• Direct question: “Why are you crying?”
• Reported question: She asked him why he was crying.

Notice that the reported questions do not have a question mark at the end.

Causative have and get-Adjetive ending in-ed/-ing

CAUSATIVE HAVE AND GET

FUNCTION

To have/get something done means that another person does something for you.
have someone do something and get someone to do something also mean you ask/hire someone to do something for you.

FORM

get/have+direct objet+past participle.
have+inderect object+base form
get+indirect object+infinitive form

EXAMPLES

They had us take off our shoes in the middle of the airport.

I can see Mr. Jennings now. Have him come in, please!

I had the plumber fix the pipes in the kitchen.

I had my hair cut yesterday.

I had my house broken into last summer.

They had us laughing all through the evening

ADJETIVES ENDING IN- ED/-ING

Form/ Function

-ed participles used as adjectives describe an effet on a person or thing.

I was very intested in the detective story

-ing participles used as adjectives describe the person or thing that causes an effect.

The book was very interesting.

EXAMPLES

Ed adjectives

• I was very bored in the maths lesson. I almost fell asleep.
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• He was surprised to see Helen. She’d told him she was going to Australia.
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• Feeling tired and depressed, he went to bed.
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ing adjectives

• Have you seen that film? It’s absolutely terrifying.
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• I could listen to him for hours. He’s one of the most interesting people I’ve ever met.
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• I can’t eat this! It’s disgusting! What is it?
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